High-pressure reciprocating compressor



Jan 6, 1931. c. scHAl-:R

HIGH RESSURE REGIPROCATING COMPRESSOR Filed NOV. 25, 1927 n Il .......MM/

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INVENTEI FQ @am 02M av u GMM, OMIM LML i-VERNE S Patented Jan. 6.1'931 'i oFFicE7i l ,errantes sonnen, or LANGENTHAL,swirznnnnnn, Assienon To THE Finnen ,sULzEn Y rnnans sooinfrn Ariens/"ain, or, winrnnrrrnit, SWITZERLAND i irreir-ranssnnn nnoiriaooafrino(ooivirnnsson Application ledNovember'l, 1927, SerallNo, 235,534fand in Switzerland November 30, 1926.

This invention relates to highpressure/ piston or reciprocating` compressors-.y

1n all piston or reciprocating machines n seven stage vcompressor in which all the having a crank drive the guides or stelling boXes are exposed Jtoprima-ry deformations owing to the weight of the piston rods,.

whilst the rictional orces'oproduce secondary deformations.y While it is 'difficult 'to eliminate the leaks caused by these primary deformations in reciprocating machines workingwith high pressures, such ashigh pressure reciprocatingcompressors, it is. practically impossible to maintain aftight;

joint in the packings of compressors working the packing devices:H A i Y.

The object` of thisinvention is to relieve the guide or the stuiingbox of such ,super high pressure ycompressors and to eliminate the action of the secondarydeformations on the secondary deformationswhich normally occur with Va crank deviceand cause leakage.

According to this invention 'the .power is transmitted from the drivingl apparatus to the compressor pistons throughv an 1oscillatinO column of liquid which may, fori/eX- ample, be acted upon' by an intermediate piston Jforming part of the driving: appai'atus. rectly .between the piston which is driven by the prime mover and hereafter calledthe drivingp'iston and the compressor piston or Y between.y the driving. piston and an inter- -mediate piston mechanically connected to the compressor piston, the liquid,y column b-' i'd'd,b-d"dd"t" fw f mg eslre i qu W1 e m O Sei eral .stuiingfbo'xes 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44 where fit enters and leaves the cylinders 8, 9 and l0,

separate coming stages-for example, those which "are disposed f horizontallyy may beactuated mechanically. The hydraulically-acting stages maybe mounted upon apart ofthe drivingV apparatus.

The invention may be carried into prac-f tice in various waysybut three constructions accordllg thereto are illustrated diagram This column may be interposed di-l 0 and 230i the compressor are disposed Within cylinders 24,- 25, 2li, 27, 28, 29 and 30 and are `*ted for the sake of clearness.

vmatically by.y way of example in the accompaiiying drawings, 1n which Figure` 1A illustrates in cross-section a stages aredrivenbyrmeans of oscillating columns/of liquid,

v1callyioperzrted, and i Figure k.3 is a cross-sectional elevation ofl another form of three stage compressor operated wholly by Vmeans of liquid columns.

ln theconstruction illustratedV in Figure f1 thepower iis transmitted from the main under extremely high pressuresy owing to vshaft 1f ofthe driving apparatus through a `connectingrod 2, and -crosshead 3 to a piston Y. umnsgof liquid adapted to loscillate within g cylinders 8, 9 and 10k separated by members 38 and39. i Eacho' the columnsin the cylinders 8 and' 9 is vsub-divided into two columns" 11,- 12-and 13, 14 respectively acting on y,intern/iediate pistons 31, 32 and 33, 34.` Thecolumnl in the cylinder is subdivided into three columns a, b and 0 which actlrespectively on intermediate pistons 35, 36 and 37.x l y l rEhe workingpistons 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22

mechanically connected to the intermediate pistons 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37 respectively soas to be actuated by the columns of l liqui-dll, 112, `13, 14, a, Z) and c.

`The driving piston rod 4 is provided with these stuiing boXes being onlysubjected, however, to a liquidfat relatively low presv sure sincethe area of the intermediate pis- -vtons'is made considerably larger than that lof the working vpistons of the compressor.

Theiluid Ato lbecompressed, for example a gas, Aentersfthe cylinders of the compressor through inlet ports 4G, V47, 48, 49, 50 an-d 51 and leaves by way oi discharge ports 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 and 58, the inlet pipes, valves,`receivers and other details being omit- The various pressure Ystages are indicated by Roman. numerals. Y

It will be seen that as the driving pistons 5, 6 and 7 reciprocate within their cylinders theV columns of liquid will oscillate and cause the compressor pistons vto reciprocate also. In the construction illustrated in Figure 2 the first stage of the compressor isactuated `mechanically its piston 61 being mountedon the same rodl4 asl the fpiston 60 which acts on the column of'liquid. i The main'v column of liquid isdisposed withinya` cylinder 6 4 separated from the iirst stage cylinder 62 by means cia member y63., andiis'sub-divided'- into twok columns 81 and 82 respectively acting upon intermediate pistons 83 and 84. On the cylinder 64ers mounted the cylinders 65 "and 66 which, together with their pistons 67 Vand: 6,8 constitute they second and third stage of the compressor. `The iiuid to be compressed is supplied Vto the first stage through the inletpo'rts'69 and70 and is discharged there-l from through the ports 71 and 72. It enters the second and third stagesthrough ports 73 and-75 respectively andis discharged through ports 74 and 76.

The cylinders 65 and 66 are supportedv 0n members 77' and 78 carriedrby the cylinder 64 round the stems of the pistonsv67 and 68. As

in the construction opi'V Figure V1 the oscillating columns oi liquid 8l and 82 act on the pistons 83 and 84 and thus cause the compressor pistons 67 and 68 to reciprocate.

In order to replace the liquidV lost through eakage a separate pump may be provided in -vwlnch case passages 87 and 88 are provided inthe cylinders of the pistons 83 and 84 vthrough which any excess of liquid supplied by the pump can escape into the chambers 89`a1id 90 as soon as the pistons 83 and 84 reach their uppermost position. In this manner'are avoided sli-ockscaused bythe pistons A 67 and 68 coming into Contact with the cylinder covers and 86.

` In the'icurther modification illustrated in Figure 3 the driving piston which acts on the columnof Vliquid isrin the form of a differential piston 92,93 adapted to reci-procate'within a cylinder 91 andthe column of Vliquid is sub-dividedinto three columns 96, 97and98 correspondingto the three stages Il, lll and l of the compressors. These `three stages Vare all mounted on the cylinder 91 and the admission and discharge of the .iluidtobe compressed is carried out in the same manner asin theconstructions described above, Vthe direction of flow being indicated by arrows.

.1 It will be understood that the stroke of Vthe intermediate pistons 31 to 37 in Figure 'l `may be varied by altering the :ratio `between Viyrezeia umn.

the areas of these pistons and the areas of the driving pistons Y5, 6 an-d 7. Moreover it will be observed from the drawings that there is -ratio between the diameter of the driving piston and the diameter of the compressor p'ist'ons,depending Von the particu- Vlar stage in which they work. That is, with reference to Fig. 2 it'will be noted that the v,diameter ot .the pist-on 83, when compared with that of the piston 67, lis such that its area is perhaps nine times the area of the piston 67. Likewise vthe area of the piston 84 is perhaps thirty times the area of the pistonl 68; If, therefore, for example, the compressor lis toA condense to appressure of 180 atmospheres in the secondstage and 'to a Vpressure of 600 atmospheres in the third stage, th-e pressure in the liquid column can zbeadjusted to approximately 2O atmospheres inview ci the foregoingratio. It is accordingly possible in applicants arrangement to provide a compressor wherein the condensa tion pressure may be increased many times relatively low pressure. AVhile the foregoing .ratio ofy piston area has been pointed out with particular'reference toV Fig. 2`it is to be observed that a similar ratio is apparent from the drawings as shown'in stages Ill- VII' of Fig. l and `stages II and III oi'Figs. 2 and 3. f

The arrangement according to the invention may be such thatV a single stage only is actuated by the movement of the liquid col- The invention however, may be applied to crank-driven compressors or pumps of any known. construction ywhether of the tandem, twin or stage type.

- Thearrangeinent according to the invention of the cylinders, more vparticularly oi` the high pressure stages of pumps and coinpressors, allows them to be readily centered with considerable accuracy, all stresses on the moving parts acting'only centrally. In this way.` secondary deformation is avoided and the fluid tightness of such stuiiing boxes as are employed is ensured. In addition the arrange` nient described above makesit'possible to accommodate a compressor having a given num- Y ber of 'stageS withinY a smaller space than would befthe case with the compressors hitherto known. Y

It will be appreciated that while the invention hasbeen described as .particularly applied to compressors, it may equally well be applied to reciprocating pumps.

Any ,suitable `'liquid Amay be employed to transmit lpower nfrom the driving piston to "thefcompressor piston but4 oil is preferably used since it' serves to lubricate those parts of the yapparatus tact. Y

In -particulanthe Apresent invention not only makes possible the prevention of dewitli which it comes Yinto con- -forma-tions oitl a-secondary character between whilegthe liquid column is maintained at a Y the piston rods'and their packing, which are injurious to compressors working with 1000 and more atmospheres, but it also makes possible a. very large increase in the pressure which may be used in the compression cylinders. In so doing, applicants invention obviates the necessity and disadvantages of complex packing members for the liquid columns and a complicated construction of the cylin' ders, and makes possible the maintenance of to only a fractional part of the condensation pressure. i

I claim:

l. In a high pressure reciprocating compressor, the combination of a driving cylinder having a piston mounted for movement therein, a plurality of vertically disposedcompressor cylinders, a compressor piston mounted for movement within each of the compressor cylinders, and an oscillatable column` umn of incompressible liquid for transmitting K power Jfrom said driving cylinder to each of i the compressor pistons.

8. In a high pressure reciprocating comy pressor, the combination of a driving cylinder having a piston mounted for movement therein, horizontally and vertically disposed compressor cylinders, a compressor piston mounted for movement within each of said compressor cylinders, means for transmitting power from said driving cylinder to said horizontally disposed compressor piston, and

an oscillatable column of incompressible liq uid :tor transmitting power from said driving cylinder to said vertically disposed compressor piston.

4. In a high pressure reciprocating compressor, the combination of a driving apparatus, a horizontal driving cylinder having a piston mounted for movement therein, a plurality of vertically disposed compressor cylinders, a compressor piston mounted for n movement within each of the compressor cyl-` inders, means for transmitting power from said driving apparatus to the piston within".`

the horizontally disposed cylinder, and an oscillatable column of incompressible liquid for transmitting power from said driving cylinder to said compressor pistons.

5. In a high pressure reciprocating com-` pressor, the combination of a driving cylin- D [der to said the liquid column at a pressure amountingV therein, Ahorizontally and vertically disposed compressor; cylinders,l a compressor piston mounted foi-movement within eachof said compressor cylinders, `airoscillatable column of "liquid for transmitting power from said driving cylinder to ysaid vertically disposed compresso'rpiston, and mechanical means for transmitting power rtrom said driving cyl-inn l horizontally vdisposedco'mpressor In a high pressure :reciprocating compressor', thecombination of a driving cylinder having-a vpiston mounted for movement therein, aI plurality of separate` compressor cylinders vertically mounted on said driving fcylinder, a compressor piston movable within eachof said compressor cylinders, and an oscillatable column of liquid for, transmitting powerfr'omsaid drivingv cylinder to said compressorpistons. f

v 7.",fIn"a"high 'pressure reciprocating compressor, the 4combination of a driving cylinder having a piston mounted fork movement therein, horizontally "and vertically disposed compressor cylinders, a` compressor piston movable within each of said compressor cylinders,V an oscillatable `column of' liquidr for transmitting power kfrom said driving cylinder toQsaid vertically, disposed compressor cylinder, the piston `of said drivingcylinder and the piston ofsaid horizontally ldisposed compressor cylinder beingv mounted on the same pistonrod. i

5,8.. Ina high pressure reciprocating com# pressor, the combination of a driving appa,- ratus, a` driving cylinder `having a piston mounted for movement therein, klfiorizontally and vertically disposed `compressor cylinders, a compressor piston movably mounted in each of said compressor cylinders, an oscillatable column of liquid for transmittingpower from said driving cylinder to said vertically disposed compressor piston, and mechanical means for transmitting power from said driving cylinder to said horizontally disposed compressorpiston, said driving cylinder ben ing disposed between said driving apparatus and said horizontally disposed compressor cylinder.. i y

9. In a high pressure reciprocating compressor, thecombination of a driving piston movable within a cylinder, a compressor pis ton movable within a Vcompressor cylinder, an intermediate piston movable within an intermediate cylinder, and an oscillatable col- {umn of substantially incompressible liquid disposed Vbetween ysaid driving piston and said intermediate piston for transmitting power from said driving piston to said compressor piston, said intermediate piston having such a diameter relatively to the compressor piston that 'a high degreeof compression is obtained inthe compressor cylinder withoutra correspondingincreaseiin ,thev

pressure ofsaid liquid column.- t

10.4 Inrav highrgpressure"reciprocatingcom? i g i' pressorgthe combination.,oflaldrivinglapparatus, a horizontally., disposedprimary; piston movable within ai cy1inder, afverticaillyAv dise posed compressor"pistonvmovable Within a compressor cylinder, an intermediate: piston movably mountedgvvithinaa. cylinder; andfcon+ g nected to said compressorfpiston; and anios? l Vcillatable column of substantially incompressible yliquid disposed `between Y saidi primary pistonand said intermediatezpiston tortrans-v Y Ymit power from` the primary pistonto the compressor piston, said intermediatapiston having such a diameter :relatlvely .to said compressor piston that a high degreeofrcom-V u pressionV is obtained inf the com'p ressrcylinder. kWithout a corresponding increase in the pressure.ofsaidliquid column. f vf 1l. In a high-pressure reciprocatingcompresser, thel combination of a'horizo'ntally disposed primary piston movable `Within a Iv cylinder, a yvertically disposed compressor piston mounted withina compressor cylinder, an intermediate piston movable Within a cylinder and connected` to said compressor piston, and an oscillatab'ie column ofsub; stantially incompressible liquidVV disposed between said primary vpiston'and said inter- Y Y l mediatepiston to transmit povver tosai'd compressorfpistoml said intermediate piston have ing such a diameter relatively to said compressor piston'that a high degree of pressure is obtained in the compressor cylinder Without a corresponding increase in the pressure' of saldllquid column. f f

f In testimony whereof I have aliixedmy signature.

CHARLES soHAER. Y 

